关键词: 根尖显微外科手术, 慢性根尖周炎, 显微外科手术, 显微超声技术

Abstract:

Chronic periapical periodontitis（CAP）is a common kind of chronic inflammation of periapical tissue. Under the conditions of failure of root canal treatment or retreatment，serious variation of root canal anatomy and definite diagnosis after exploratory operation，endodontic microsurgery has its unique application value. This paper summarized the current situation of clinical application and development trend of microscopic endodontic microsurgery in the treatment of chronic periapical periodontitis，providing references to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periapical periodontitis in clinical work.

Key words: endodontics microsurgery；chronic apical periodontitis, CAP；endodontic surgery；microscopic and ultrasonic technique