Abstract: Pneumonia is a common respiratory infectious disease and an important cause of death in children.Choosing efficient and accurate detection method to rapidly identify the pathogen is pivotal in diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia.In recent years，molecular biology technology has achieved rapid development，and many new technologies have been gradually applied in clinical practice，such as real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR，biochips，next-generation sequencing，nucleic acid isothermal amplification technology，etc.，which greatly improves the detection efficiency of pneumonia pathogens.This article briefly introduces the advantages and disadvantages of the above technologies.

Key words: child, pneumonia, pathogen, molecular biology technology, application

摘要： 肺炎是儿童常见的呼吸系统感染性疾病，也是导致儿童死亡的重要原因。选择高效而准确的检测方法，尽快明确病原体，对肺炎的诊断和治疗十分关键。近几年来，分子生物学技术获得了快速发展，许多新的技术逐步应用于临床，如实时荧光定量PCR、生物芯片、二代测序、核酸等温扩增技术等，极大的提高了肺炎病原体的检测效率。本文对以上技术的优缺点进行了简要介绍。

关键词: 儿童, 肺炎, 病原体, 分子生物学技术, 应用