Abstract: Chronic inflammatory diseases of upper and lower airways refer to chronic diseases in which inflammation involves upper and/or lower airways， including diseases dominated by upper airways， diseases dominated by lower airways and diseases in which inflammation involves both upper and lower airways. Among them， common and rare diseases coexisting in upper and lower airways in childhood mainly include sinobronchial syndrome （SBS）， relapsing polychondritis （RP）， primary ciliary dyskinesia （PCD）， diffuse panbronchiolitis （DPB）， cystic fibrosis （CF）， eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis （EGPA）， granulomatosis with polyangiitis （GPA） and Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis （ABPA）. The purpose of this article is to summarize the common and rare coexisting diseases of upper and lower airways in childhood， in order to help clinicians to make early diagnosis and treatment of coexisting diseases of chronic inflammatory diseases of upper and lower airways in childhood， so as to improve the curative effect， prevent irreversible damage and improve the long-term prognosis of children.

Key words: child, coexisting diseases of upper and lower airways, sinobronchial syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, diffuse panbronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, allergic eosinophilic granulomatous vasculitis, granulomatous polyangiitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

摘要： 上-下气道慢性炎症性疾病是指炎症累及上和（或）下气道的慢性疾病，包括以上气道为主的疾病、以下气道为主的疾病和上-下气道炎症共存性疾病，其中儿童期常见及罕见的上-下气道共存疾病主要包括鼻窦支气管综合征（sinobronchial syndrome，SBS）、复发性多软骨炎（relapsing polychondritis， RP）、原发性纤毛不动综合征（primary ciliary dyskinesia，PCD）、弥漫性泛细支气管炎（diffuse panbronchiolitis，DPB）、囊性纤维化（cystic fibrosis， CF）、嗜酸性肉芽肿伴多血管炎（eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ， EGPA）、肉芽肿性多血管炎（granulomatosis with polyangiitis， GPA）、变应性支气管肺曲霉病（allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis，ABPA）等。该文旨在对儿童期常见及罕见上-下气道共存疾病进行概述，以期帮助临床医师对于儿童期上-下气道慢性炎症性疾病的共存疾病实现早诊断早治疗，以提高疗效、预防不可逆损害发生及改善患儿的远期预后。

关键词: 儿童, 上-下气道共存疾病, 鼻窦支气管综合征, 复发性多软骨炎, 原发性纤毛不动综合征, 弥漫性泛细支气管炎, 囊性纤维化, 嗜酸性肉芽肿伴多血管炎, 肉芽肿性多血管炎, 变应性支气管肺曲霉病