Abstract: The concept of "one airway， one disease" needs further attention. Upper and lower chronic airway inflammatory diseases are associated with various fields， such as genetics， immunology， anatomy， epidemiology， pathophysiology， clinical manifestations， diagnosis and treatment， though at different levels. Therefore，the joint  management will be more effective for the diagnosis and treatment. However， due to the various diseases involved， the awareness of pediatricians is significantly insufficient. As such， it is important to establish a holistic view of the upper and lower airways， and strengthen the concept of comprehensive diagnosis as well as the joint management， so as to improve the ability in early identification， comprehensive assessment and diagnosis of the chronic inflammatory diseases of upper and lower airways. Pediatricians need to attach importance to the identification and treatment of the upper airway diseases， and focuse?on multi-disciplinary exchanges?and?cooperation.

Key words: supper and lower chronic airway in flammatory diseases, pediatrics, joint management, multi-discipline diagnosis and treatment

摘要： 对“同一气道，同一疾病”这一理念需要进一步重视。上-下气道慢性炎症性疾病在遗传学、免疫学、解剖学、流行病学、病理生理、临床表现和治疗思路上均有不同程度的关联，联合管理更有利于疾病的诊治。但是疾病种类较多，涉及学科众多，儿科医生对此认知不足，应树立上-下气道全局观，强化联合诊疗和管理理念，做好上、下气道慢性炎症性疾病的及早识别、共同评估和诊断。儿科医师要重视上气道疾病的识别和处理，注重多学科交流和合作。

关键词: 上-下气道慢性炎症性疾病, 儿科, 联合管理, 多学科诊疗