Abstract: Upper and lower airway diseases are related in epidemiology， pathophysiology， clinical manifestations and treatment strategies to varying degrees. This article reviews the similarities and differences in anatomical， physiological and immune basis of upper and lower airways， and compares the differences and similarities in pathogenesis and connection of upper and lower airway diseases by taking allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma as examples， hoping to provide a theoretical basis for clinicians to better understand the joint management of “one airway， one disease”.

Key words: upper airway, lower airway, diseases, inflammation, physiology, immunology,  , mechanisms

摘要： 上-下气道疾病在流行病学、病理生理、临床表现、治疗策略等方面存在不同程度关联。该文总结了上-下气道的解剖、生理和免疫基础的异同，并以过敏性鼻炎及支气管哮喘为例比较了上-下气道疾病发病机制的异同及联系，以期为临床医生更好理解“同一气道，同一疾病”联合管理提供理论依据。

关键词: 上气道, 下气道, 疾病, 炎症, 生理, 免疫, 机制