Abstract:

Brain development in preterm and little infants is immature. They are particularly vulnerable to various environmental stress factors，resulting in neurobehavioral abnormalities. However，due to the brain plasticity of preterm and little infants，early detection and intervention can reduce or eliminate neurobehavioral abnormalities. Neonatal behavior observation（NBO） is an observation - intervention tool，which has a unique advantage in the early assessment and intervention of neurobehavioral abnormalities in preterm and little infants. NBO is cost-effective，practical，efficient，easily implemented，flexible and satisfactory. NBO has been widely used in many affiliated hospitals and preventive care organizations，and has achieved satisfactory results in clinical work.

Key words: neonatal behavioral observation（NBO）, brain development, neurobehavioral, preterm infant, little infant

摘要：

早产儿及小婴儿神经系统发育不完善，易受到各种环境应激因素影响而导致脑发育不良；早产儿及小婴儿的大脑可塑性强，早期发现并及时干预可以减少或消除各种脑发育异常行为。新生儿行为观察（NBO）是一种观察-干预工具，在早产儿及小婴儿脑发育早期评估及干预中具有独特优势，经济实用、可操作性强、操作地点灵活、依从性好。NBO已经在国内各大附属医院以及预防保健机构广泛推广应用，并且在临床工作中效果满意。

关键词: 新生儿行为观察, 脑发育, 神经行为, 早产儿, 小婴儿