关键词: 克罗恩病, 肠瘘, 生物制剂, 手术治疗, 炎症, 营养不良, 预康复, 肠内营养

Abstract: Intestinal fistulas are a common complication of Crohn’s disease (CD) and can lead to severe conditions such as intra-abdominal infections, sepsis, and necrotizing fasciitis, with a complex treatment process and a high mortality rate. CD-related intestinal fistulas are of various types and are typically classified into two major categories, enteroenteric and enterocutaneous fistulas, in clinical practice. In addition to the general pathophysiological characteristics of intestinal fistulas, CD-related fistulas are often associated with intestinal inflammation, malnutrition, and the side effects of therapeutic drugs, which complicate clinical management. With the development of novel drugs such as biologics and other advanced technologies, non-surgical treatment options for CD-related fistulas are emerging. However, surgical treatment remains the mainstay of therapy. A comprehensive treatment approach combining medical and surgical strategies, along with thorough disease assessment and prehabilitation, is essential to formulate the optimal treatment plan and maximize patient benefits.

Key words: Crohn’s disease, intestinal fistula, biologics, surgical treatment,  , inflammation, malnutrition, perhabilitation, enteral nutrition