关键词: 甲状腺肿瘤, 指南, 风险分层, 手术并发症, 功能保护, 循证医学, 个体化治疗

Abstract: With the global incidence rate of thyroid cancer rising year by year，many guidelines have been issued and updated at home and abroad to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.After the release of the first and second editions of the“Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Tumors”in October 2010 and December 2018，Japan officially released the third edition of the guidelines in April 2024.The Japanese guidelines raise questions based on their own clinical practice and make recommendations based on their own evidence-based medicine，which is worth learning from and emulating.The recommendations for surgical treatment in the new version of the guidelines are more refined，surgical strategies tend to be conservative，and there is a greater emphasis on surgical safety management and functional protection.

Key words: thyroid neoplasm, guideline, risk stratification, surgical complications, functional preservation, evidence-based medicine, individualized treatment