关键词: 甲状腺癌, 分化型, 肺转移, 外科治疗, 诊断方法, 甲状腺髓样癌, 甲状腺未分化癌, 生存率

Abstract: Surgical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer with lung metastasis        LI Jian-bo, ZHANG De-guang. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China 
Corresponding author:ZHANG De-guang, E-mail:3409086@
zju.edu.cn
Abstract    Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy within the endocrine system, and its incidence has been rising annually. Based on tissue origin, thyroid cancer can be classified into differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). These types of thyroid cancer vary in terms of differentiation, oncological behavior, and aggressiveness, which also leads to differences in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The lungs are the most common site of distant metastasis for thyroid cancer, especially DTC. Although DTC is relatively less malignant, 5.2% of patients still experience lung metastasis. MTC and ATC are more malignant and aggressive, making them more likely to metastasize to the lungs. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are crucial for improving patient quality of life and reducing mortality rates. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases can yield favorable survival rates, but surgery may not be feasible for patients with multiple or diffuse metastases or distant metastases to other sites. In such cases, treatment options include radioactive iodine-131 therapy, TSH suppression, targeted therapy, and radiochemotherapy. The treatment of thyroid cancer lung metastasis requires a comprehensive consideration of tumor type, the extent of metastasis, and individual patient circumstances to formulate a reasonable treatment plan.

Key words: thyroid cancer, differentiated type, lung metastasis, surgical treatment, diagnostic methods, thyroid medullary carcinoma, thyroid undifferentiated carcinoma, survival rate