中国实用外科杂志

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下肢动脉慢性缺血性疾病溶栓治疗争议与规范化实施

张福先   

  1. 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院血管外科,北京100038
  • 出版日期:2016-12-01 发布日期:2016-12-01

  • Online:2016-12-01 Published:2016-12-01

摘要:

急性肢体动脉血栓形成后可在一定时间内被药物有效溶解。这 “一定时间”被称为溶栓时间窗。超过传统的溶栓时间窗后,对于慢性肢体缺血性疾病是否还能进行有效溶栓?由于在慢性肢体缺血性病变部位多有血管内膜损伤、管腔狭窄以及相伴的动脉硬化等疾病,随时有血栓发生的可能。血栓的形成遵循着机化、再通、再形成的规律,已机化的陈旧血栓可被视为稳定性血栓,而新形成血栓被视为不稳定性血栓。这就为局部置管溶栓治疗提供了理论依据。溶栓目的并非是彻底消除血栓,而是消除不稳定血栓,为进一步腔内治疗提供良好的帮助,并可有效降低介入强度、减少支架植入数量、避免并发症、提高临床疗效。但为了规避风险与并发症的发生,必须重视溶栓指征的科学选择、遵循规范的治疗流程。

关键词: 导管溶栓, 慢性肢体动脉缺血

Abstract:

Thrombolytic therapy of chronic ischemic arterial diseases of the lower extremities: Controversy and normalized implementation        ZHANG Fu-xian. Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100038, China
Abstract    Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy can effectively treat acute arterial ischemia in the window of time inside from the traditional concept. But can it treat chronic limb ischemia? Firstly, there is pathological changes at the positions of limbs in those patients of chronic limb ischemia, such as tunica intima injuries, stenosis, arteriosclerosis ,etc. There are condition and foundation of thrombosis. So whether can build up the following hypothesis: in those patients there are to exist thrombosis at any time inside in the pathological changes positions of limbs and stable and unstable thrombus may co-exist. Thrombolytic therapy may remove unsteady thrombus as a pre-management for angioplasty and can acquire a good treatment result for patients of chronic limb ischemia.

Key words: catheter-directed thrombolytic, chronic limb ischemia