中国实用外科杂志

• 论蓍 • 上一篇    下一篇

腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中血管解剖辨识及意义研究

郭释琦,崔明明,刘鼎盛,刘彦伯,张    宏   

  1. 中国医科大学附属盛京医院结直肠肿瘤外科,辽宁沈阳 110004
  • 出版日期:2021-09-01

  • Online:2021-09-01

摘要: 目的    探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术中肠系膜上血管主干及对应分支与属支的解剖规律、变异类型及临床意义。方法    回顾性分析2017年3月至2021年1月中国医科大学附属盛京医院结直肠肿瘤外科200例腹腔镜右半结肠切除术病人资料,通过影像学读片、手术记录查阅、术后视频回放方式观察肠系膜上血管主干、回结肠血管、右结肠血管、结肠中血管、Henle干的出现概率、走行特点、毗邻关系以及变异情况。结果    肠系膜上血管主干变异按肠系膜上静脉(SMV)数量分为单支型与双支型,按SMV与肠系膜上动脉(SMA)的空间位置关系分为右位、左位、交叉3种类型。回结肠动脉(ICA)与回结肠静脉(ICV)出现率均为100.0%,2例ICV直接汇入Henle干,62.0%病人ICA走行于SMV背侧。术中解剖出右结肠动脉(RCA)73例(36.5%),右结肠静脉(RCV)195例(97.5%),单支型、双支型、三支型RCV分别占48.2%、43.6%和8.2%,RCA走行于SMV腹侧者62例(84.9%),RCA走行与SMV背侧者11例(15.1%)。解剖出结肠中动脉(MCA)192例(96.0%),结肠中静脉(MCV)196例(98.0%),单支型、双支型与三支型MCV分别占63.8%、33.2%与3.0%,MCV有4种汇入情况:汇入SMV、Henle干、脾静脉(SV)和第一支空肠静脉(FJV),其中汇入到SMV最常见占95.4%,当MCV汇入FJV时,FJV均走行于SMA前方,当MCV为多支型时,RCV多支型占比更高。按胰十二指肠上前静脉(ASPDV)与胃网膜右静脉(RGEV)是否共干以及结肠支的数量将Henle干分为基本型(0~Ⅲ型)和特殊型,其中基本Ⅰ型最为常见(43.6%)。结论    肠系膜上血管主干变异情况较少,分支与属支变异常见。术中操作应始终遵循精细解剖的原则,避免辨识不清晰的情况下导致出血及副损伤。

关键词: 右半结肠切除术, 腹腔镜, 肠系膜上静脉, 血管解剖, Henle干

Abstract: Identification and significance of vascular anatomy in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy        GUO Shi-qi, CUI Ming-ming, LIU Ding-sheng, et al. Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China 
Corresponding author:ZHANG Hong, E-mail: haojiubujian1203@sina.cn
Abstract    Objective    To analyze the anatomical rules, variation types and clinical significance of the main trunk and corresponding branches of superior mesenteric vessels during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Methods    A total of 200 patients who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in the Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from March 2017 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The occurrence probability,course characteristics,adjacent relationship and variations of superior mesenteric artery trunk,ileocolonic vessel,right colonic vessel,middle colonic vessel and Henle trunk were observed by consulting medical imaging,operation records and operative videos. Results    According to the number of superior mesenteric veins (SMV),the variation of the main trunk of superior mesenteric vessels can be divided into single-branch type and double-branch type. And according to the spatial relationship between SMV and superior mesenteric arteries (SMA),the main trunk of SMA can be divided into three types:right position,left position and cross position. The incidence of ileocolic artery (ICA) and ileocolic vein (ICV) was 100.0%. The ICV directly merged into Henle trunk in two cases,and ICA ran on the dorsal side of SMV in most patients(62.0%).During the operation,the right colonic artery(RCA)and the right colonic vein(RCV)were found in 73(36.5%)and 195(97.5%)samples respectively. The single-branch,double-branch and three-branch RCVs accounted for 48.2%,43.6% and 8.2%,respectively.  Among all the RCAs,62 cases(84.9%)ran on the ventral side of SMV while 11 cases(15.1%)ran on the dorsal of SMV. The middle colic artery(MCA)and the middle colic vein(MCV)were found in 192(96.0%)and 196(98.0%)samples respectively. Single-branch MCV,double-branch MCV and three-branch MCV accounted for 63.8%,33.2% and 3.0% respectively. There were 4 types of MCV flow:flowed into SMV,Henle trunk,splenic vein(SV)and first jejunal vein(FJV),of which 95.4% flowed into the SMA. When MCV merged into FJV,FJV ran in front of SMA. When MCV was multi-branched,the proportion of multi-branched RCV was higher. According to whether the anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV) and the right gastroepiploic vein (RGEV) share the same trunk and the number of colonic branches,Henle trunk was divided into basic type(0-Ⅲ type)and special type,of which basic type Ⅰ is the most common (43.6%).Conclusion    The variations of the main trunk of SMV are rare,while the variation of corresponding branches are common. During the operation,the principle of careful dissection should always be followed to avoid bleeding and side injuries caused by unclear identification.

Key words: right colectomy, laparoscopic, superior mesenteric vein, vascular anatomy, Henle trunk