关键词: 直肠癌, 新辅助放化疗, 等待观察, 侧方淋巴结清扫, 经肛全直肠系膜切除

Abstract:

Several issues worthy of attention in clinical research of low rectal cancer        YAO Hong-wei，ZHANG Zhong-tao. Department of General Surgery，Beijing Friendship Hospital，Capital Medical University，National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases，Beijing 100050，China
Corresponding author：ZHANG Zhong-tao，E-mail: zhangzht@
ccmu.edu.cn
Abstract  Total mesorectal excision (TME) regulates the extent of resection of low rectal cancer surgery and is the gold standard for low rectal cancer. Colorectal surgeons need to comprehensively consider the comprehensive treatment strategy for rectal cancer to reduce the risk of local recurrence，how to protect patients' anal，sexual and urinary function，and improve their quality of life，and consider how to reduce surgical trauma. At present，the research hotspots in the field of rectal cancer diagnosis and treatment turn to how to better protect the function and further reduce the risk of local recurrence. Among them，the "watch and wait" strategy of "clinical complete response" after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy，the lateral lymph node dissection and the procedure of transanal total mesorectal excision，is a hot issue in clinical research.

Key words: rectal cancer, neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, watch and wait, lateral lymph node dissection, transanal total mesorectal excision