中国实用外科杂志

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晚期胃癌规范化止痛治疗

葛    峰a,仓    静a,刘凤林b   

  1. 复旦大学附属中山医院a.麻醉科  b.普外科,上海 200032
  • 出版日期:2017-10-01 发布日期:2017-10-11

  • Online:2017-10-01 Published:2017-10-11

摘要:

随着新药的开发和多学科综合治疗协作组(MDT)模式在晚期胃癌诊治中的运用,晚期胃癌的治疗效果有了一定程度提高。疼痛作为晚期胃癌最常见的症状,治疗必须规范化管理,涉及生理、心理、心灵和社会各个层面。早期积极的镇痛治疗可阻止癌痛演变为难治性神经病理性疼痛,有助于病人生活质量的提高。对于晚期胃癌病人,须评估其疼痛的部位以及程度,采用止痛药物滴定并多次进行疼痛评估,直至疼痛控制达到稳定状态。晚期胃癌病人三阶梯止痛治疗药物选择:轻度疼痛可使用非甾体类药物;对疼痛进展迅速的晚期胃癌病人可直接使用第二阶梯药物(弱阿片类药物和低剂量的强阿片类药物);对于中、重度疼痛的晚期胃癌病人,使用强阿片类药物,如对阿片类药物耐受,则推荐使用芬太尼透皮贴剂。对于难治性癌痛,可采取超声介入或神经阻滞等方法予以治疗。抗抑郁药可作为晚期胃癌止痛治疗的辅助用药。便秘是最常见也是最棘手的不良反应,应评估便秘的原因和严重程度,并采取相应治疗措施。

关键词: 晚期胃癌, 疼痛, 规范化治疗, 三阶梯止痛

Abstract:

Standardized analgesic treatment for advanced gastric cancer        GE Feng*,CANG Jing,LIU Feng-lin. *Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
Corresponding author:LIU Feng-lin,E-mail:liu.fenglin@
zs-hospital.sh.cn
Abstract    With the development of new drugs and usage of the multiple disciplinary team in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced gastric cancer, to some extent, the treatment effect of advanced gastric cancer has been improved. For the pain, as the most common symptom of advanced gastric cancer, treatment must be standardized in physiological, psychological, spiritual and social levels. Early positive analgesic treatment can prevent the development of pain, intractable neuropathic pain, and help to improve the quality of life of patients. Patients with advanced gastric cancer need to be first evaluated for the location and extent of pain, and titrated with pain medications and evaluated for several times until the pain has reached a steady state. Three levels of drug can be selected in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients with pain: mild pain patients can use non-steroidal drugs; patients with rapid progress pain can directly use second level drugs: weak opioids and low dose of strong opioids; patients with moderate and severe pain in advanced gastric cancer can use strong opioids; advanced gastric cancer patients with opioid tolerance are recommended for the usage of fentanyl transdermal system. For advanced cancer pain patients with intractable cancer pain, intervention treatment through ultrasound or nerve block can be chosen. Antidepressants can be used as an adjunct to the treatment of pain in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Constipation is the most common and most difficult adverse reaction; the cause and severity of constipation should be first re-evaluated and appropriate treatment measures should be taken.

Key words: advanced gastric cancer;pain, standardizel treatment;three-step analgesic ladder