Abstract: School-age children are in a critical period of primary and permanent tooth replacement. Dental caries not only affects their oral health but also adversely impacts their quality of life and academic performance. This article provides a review of the current prevalence and influencing factors of dental caries in school-age children both domestically and internationally. Existing studies have shown that caries prevalence rates vary significantly across different countries and regions，which is not entirely consistent with the level of economic development，reflecting the complexity of the influencing factors. These factors involve multiple aspects，including gender differences，oral health knowledge，attitudes，behaviors，sociodemographic factors（such as socioeconomic status，parental education level，and urban-rural disparities），dietary patterns（such as sugar intake and vitamin D levels），systemic factors（such as body weight，congenital heart disease，neurodevelopmental disorders，and psychological status），and the implementation of preventive measures（such as fluoride application and pit and fissure sealants）. Therefore，a comprehensive strategy is needed，including strengthening school-based oral health education，promoting the translation of knowledge into behavior，and establishing an integrated "family-school-society" prevention and treatment system，in order to achieve effective prevention and intervention of dental caries in this population.

Key words: dental caries, school-age children, caries prevalence rate, oral health

摘要： 学龄儿童正处于乳恒牙替换的关键时期。龋病不仅影响其口腔健康，还会对其生活质量和学业表现造成不良影响。文章就国内外学龄儿童龋病的流行现状及其影响因素做一综述。现有研究显示，不同国家和地区学龄儿童患龋率差异显著，这与经济发展水平并非完全一致，反映出龋病影响因素的复杂性。其影响因素涉及多个方面，包括性别差异，口腔健康知识、态度和行为水平，社会人口学因素（如社会经济地位、父母教育程度、城乡差异等），饮食结构（如糖类摄入、维生素D水平等），全身因素（如体重、先天性心脏病、神经发育障碍、心理状况等），以及预防措施的实施情况（如氟化物的应用、窝沟封闭等）等。因此，需采取综合性策略，强化以学校为基础的口腔健康教育，推动知识向行为转化，并构建“家庭-学校-社会”联动的防治体系，以实现对该群体龋病的有效预防和干预。

关键词: 龋病, 学龄儿童, 患龋率, 口腔健康