Abstract: Impacted maxillary anterior teeth，primarily involving maxillary canines and central incisors，represent a common eruption disorder that significantly affects patients' oral function and aesthetic appearance. The combined approach of surgical exposure with orthodontic traction is a widely used clinical treatment，and the factors influencing its clinical effectiveness remain a key concern for orthodontists. This review systematically discusses the factors influencing orthodontic traction efficacy for impacted maxillary anterior teeth，focusing on patient age and gender，root morphology and developmental characteristics，position of impacted teeth，and periodontal lesions，aiming to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of impacted maxillary anterior teeth and assist orthodontists to better identify potential risks during traction therapy in order to achieve optimized treatment outcomes.

Key words: impacted tooth, incisor, canine, orthodontic traction, clinical efficacy

摘要： 阻生上前牙是一种常见的牙萌出异常，主要涉及上尖牙与上中切牙，对患者的口腔功能和美观有显著负面影响。牙槽外科开窗联合正畸牵引是临床常用的治疗手段，其临床疗效的影响因素是正畸医生关注的重点。文章就患者年龄与性别、牙根形态与发育特征、阻生牙位置、牙周相关病变等方面做一综述，系统探讨影响阻生上前牙正畸牵引疗效的相关因素，以期为阻生上前牙的临床诊断及治疗提供参考，帮助正畸医生识别牵引治疗的潜在风险，获得最佳治疗结果。

关键词: 阻生牙, 切牙, 尖牙, 正畸牵引, 临床疗效