关键词: 颞下颌关节紊乱病, 口面部疼痛, 功能磁共振成像, 咬合板治疗

Abstract: Chronic pain around the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles is usually the primary complaint of patients with temporomandibular disorders（TMD）. As pain is a brain response，the development of chronic pain in TMD is closely related to alterations in the central nervous system（CNS），though the underlying neuropathological mechanisms remain incompletely understood，which poses significant challenges in clinical management. Functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI），a non-invasive medical imaging technology for measuring cerebral activity，has been extensively employed in pain-related research and various clinical fields. This paper will review the findings from both task-state fMRI and resting-state fMRI studies investigating cerebral activity changes related to painful TMD. Furthermore，the effects of occlusal splint therapy on cerebral activity in painful TMD patients will also be reviewed. By providing neuroimaging perspectives on the mechanisms underlying orofacial pain generation in TMD，this paper aims to offer valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment of painful TMD.

Key words: temporomandibular disorders, orofacial pain, functional magnetic resonance imaging, occlusal splint therapy