Abstract: Preterm birth is a disease that seriously affects the outcome of perinatal infants.At present，the cause of the preterm birth is unclear.Most research data confirm that preterm labor has high risk factors，including the history of preterm labor，history of pregnancy with medical diseases，history of pregnancy complications，advanced pregnancy，low BMI，obese pregnant women，and malnutrition，etc.Identifing high-risk factors early is the key to preventing preterm birth.The key way to reduce the incidence of preterm labor is to identify high-risk factors by asking about medical history in the peripregnancy and early pregnancy.

Key words: preterm birth, medical history, high risk factors

摘要： 早产是一严重影响围产儿结局的疾病，目前发病原因不清。大多数研究资料证实，早产具有发病高危因素，其中早产史、妊娠合并内科疾病史、妊娠期并发症史、高龄妊娠、低体重指数（BMI）以及肥胖孕妇、营养不良等是早产的高危因素。如何早期识别高危因素是防治早产的关键。在围孕期及早孕期通过病史询问可以识别早产的高危因素，是降低早产发生率的必由之路。

关键词: 早产, 病史, 高危因素