Abstract: Ovarian endometrioma is the most common subtype of endometriosis for which surgical treatment is performed. The timing of surgical treatment and the protection of ovarian function have attracted much attention. This article declares clinical principles and considerations related to surgery for ovarian endometrioma based on the patients’ requirement for fertility and recurrence. Furthermore，it is emphasized that qualified specialists should be determined according to the difficulty of operation so as to control operation quality and to pay attention to fertility protection and thoroughness of the surgery.

Key words: ovarian endometrioma, timing of operation, fertility protection

摘要： 卵巢型子宫内膜异位症（简称内异症）是内异症手术最常见的一种亚型，实施手术的时机以及术中卵巢功能保护备受关注。文章以卵巢型内异症患者是否有生育要求、是否复发为切入点，分层阐述临床诊治原则及手术相关问题，并强调根据手术难度分级决定由相应手术经验的医师实施，以获得手术的质控，兼顾生育力保护及手术彻底性。

关键词: 卵巢型子宫内膜异位症, 手术时机, 生育力保护