No series had been reported focusing on the results of fertility-sparing surgery in stage I mucinous ovarian cancers according to histotype (infiltrative vs. expansile). Investigating such outcomes was the aim of the present study.The present study was a retrospective analysis of patients treated conservatively with preservation of the uterus and contralateral ovary from 1976 to 2016. The pathology of the tumors was reviewed by two expert pathologists according to the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria. Oncologic and fertility results were analyzed.Twenty-one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, twelve with expansile and nine with infiltrative cancer. All patients had a unilateral tumor and underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in one-step ( = 6) or two-step ( = 15) surgeries. All but one had complete peritoneal staging surgery based on cytology, omentectomy, and random peritoneal biopsies. Ten had nodal staging surgery. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages were IA ( = 9), IC1 ( = 6), and IC2 ( = 6); the nuclear grades were grade 1 ( = 9), grade 2 ( = 5), and grade 3 ( = 1). Two patients recurred (one expansile and one infiltrative type) 19 and 160 months after surgery, respectively. One stage IA, nuclear grade 2 expansile tumor recurred on the spared ovary; the patient remains alive. The other stage IA infiltrative tumor recurred as peritoneal spread; the patient is alive with disease. Six patients became pregnant; four with expansile tumors and two with infiltrative tumors.The type of mucinous cancer has no impact on the oncologic outcome in this series of patients treated conservatively. Fertility-sparing surgery should be considered for early-stage infiltrative-type tumors.According to the most recently updated World Health Organization classification guidelines, mucinous cancers should be classified as either expansile or infiltrative. The infiltrative type has a poorer prognosis, but there are no data about the safety of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) in this context. A collection of 21 cases reviewed by two expert pathologists this study is the first devoted to the conservative treatment of mucinous tumors according to both subtypes. The key result was that the type of mucinous cancer has no impact on the oncologic outcome; thus, FSS may be considered in both subtypes.© AlphaMed Press 2017.

To describe the characteristics of children and adolescents with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) in these patients.Patients with BOTs younger than 20 years who underwent FSS were included in this study.A total of 34 patients were included, with a median patient age of 17 (range, 3-19) years; 97.1% (33/34) of cases occurred after menarche. Of the patients, 82.4% had mucinous borderline tumors (MBOTs), 14.7% had serous borderline tumors (SBOTs), and 2.9% had seromucinous borderline tumor (SMBOT). The median tumor size was 20.4 (range, 8-40)cm. All patients were at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I and all underwent FSS: cystectomy (unilateral ovarian cystectomy, UC, 14/34, 41.2% and bilateral ovarian cystectomy, BC, 1/34, 2.9%), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO; 18/34; 52.9%), or USO + contralateral ovarian cystectomy (1/34; 2.9%). The median follow-up time was 65 (range, 10-148) months. Recurrence was experienced by 10 of the 34 patients (29.4%). One patient with SBOT experienced progression to low-grade serous carcinoma after the third relapse. Two patients had a total of four pregnancies, resulting in three live births. The recurrence rate of UC was significantly higher in MBOTs than in USO (p = 0.005). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 67.1%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 100%.Fertility-sparing surgery is feasible and safe for children and adolescents with BOTs. For patients with MBOTs, USO is recommended to lower the risk of recurrence.© 2024. The Author(s).

目的 比较不同保留生育功能手术方式对卵巢交界性肿瘤(BOT)患者的肿瘤预后及生育力的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2022年10月121例行保留生育功能手术的BOT患者,采用单因素、多因素分析及生存曲线评估临床病理、手术方式及生育情况。结果 121例BOT患者5年无复发生存期(RFS)率为65.8%,复发率为30.5%,53例患者尝试妊娠,40例(33.06%)成功妊娠。保留生育功能手术的不同手术方式对患者的肿瘤复发、RFS和妊娠率无影响。多因素分析中,国际妇产科联盟分期≥Ⅱ期是同时影响BOT患者术后复发及RFS的独立危险因素(P=0.011,OR=6.504,95% CI=1.534~27.580;P=0.033,HR=2.589,95% CI=1.082~6.194),组织类型(黏液性)与保留生育功能手术术后的复发风险呈负相关性(P=0.011,OR=0.270,95% CI=0.099~0.739)。单侧BOT的两种手术方式手术出血量(P=0.010)、术后住院时间(P=0.001)、抗生素使用时间(P=0.002)、瘤体破裂(P=0.030)差异均有统计学意义,而双侧BOT两组手术方式差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 对于年轻且有生育要求的BOT患者,保留生育功能手术的术式都是安全有效的,综合评估临床病理因素后,可推荐单侧囊肿剥除术和双侧囊肿剥除术作为首选的治疗方案。对于强烈意愿保留生育功能国际妇产科联盟分期晚的BOT患者,可在充分知情同意的情况下谨慎进行保留生育功能手术,术后尽快尝试妊娠。

This study examined predictors of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) among reproductive-age women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In addition, relationships between FSS and survival were assessed in models stratified by tumor characteristics.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were queried for women 44 years old or younger with a primary EOC. FSS included unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and uterine preservation, whereas surgeries including bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy were categorized as non-FSS. Logistic regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between clinical characteristics (eg, age at diagnosis and race) and FSS odds. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for FSS and overall survival in subgroups defined by stage and grade or by stage and histology. Analyses were stratified by database (SEER vs NCDB).This analysis included 9017 women (SEER, n = 3932; NCDB, n = 5085) with EOC diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 44 years. In both cohorts, factors associated with significantly higher FSS odds included a younger age, a more recent ovarian cancer diagnosis, and no adjuvant chemotherapy. FSS was significantly associated with lower overall survival among women with stage II to IV, serous EOC (SEER HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.22-2.12). Significant associations between FSS and survival were not observed in other subgroups defined by stage and grade or by stage and histology.FSS appears to be safe for certain women with EOC but was related to poor survival among women with advanced-stage, serous EOC. Confirmatory studies with information on fertility intentions are needed.© 2019 American Cancer Society.

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are considered a biological category with increased epithelial proliferation and cellular atypia in the absence of invasive growth. Since BOT occur often in young patients fertility sparing surgery (FSS) is an important issue. With this study we aimed to evaluate risk factors for relapses and fertility of patients after FSS.Patients diagnosed with BOT and treated between 2000 and 2018 were included. External pathological review was done in all patients. FSS was performed after individual discussion and a complete surgical staging according to FIGO, without lymphadenectomy and with a waiver for preservation of uterus and one ovary.Among 352 Patients 80.2% had FIGO I and 63.9% had a serous BOT. Eighteen patients (5.1%) relapsed and 4 cases of malignant transformation were reported (1.1%). One patient of the latter died, all others have no evidence of disease. The overall recurrence-rate was 1.1% in FIGO-Stage I and 25.5% in FIGO III-IV (HR = 27; 95%-CI 7.7-95; p ≤.001). 95 patients underwent FSS. Thirteen (13.7%) of these patients relapsed, all as BOT. In multivariate analysis FIGO stages II-IV (HR = 27; 95%-CI: 8.1-102; p ≤.001) and FSS (HR = 12; 95%-CI: 2.9-47; p = .001) remained significant risk factors for recurrent disease. Pregnancy rate among forty-one patients attempting to conceive was 82.9%. 29 patients experienced at least one life-birth, in total 38 life-births were reported.FSS in stage I is a safe procedure and life-birth-rates after FSS are high. More advanced FIGO stages have to be discussed individually and relapse rates have to be weighed against FSS. A central review of pathology, as we performed routinely, is mandatory and may have contributed to our low rate of invasive relapses.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Over the last decades, the management of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) has changed from radical surgery to more conservative therapy as a result of the need for fertility-sparing surgery and the increasing use of laparoscopy. The question is whether this is good clinical practice from an oncologic point of view. Here, recent literature regarding management of borderline ovarian neoplasms is reviewed, and oncologic concerns are discussed with emphasis on the mode of surgery and the possibility of fertility-sparing surgery and its consequences. Proper staging is defined as an exploration of the entire abdominal cavity with peritoneal washings, infracolic omentectomy, and multiple peritoneal biopsies as the cornerstone of a successful treatment, and this is only possible through a midline incision. For stage I disease, conservative surgery consisting of unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or cystectomy in case of bilateral ovarian involvement or when the disease develops in the only remaining ovary is a valuable alternative in a number of young patients who want to preserve their fertility. Patients with advanced-stage disease or who are finished childbearing are treated with radical surgery consisting of peritoneal washings, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, infracolic omentectomy, complete peritoneal resection of macroscopic lesions, or multiple peritoneal biopsies; in case of mucinous BOTs, patients also are treated with an appendectomy.

We meta-analyzed available evidence on fertility, survival, and cancer recurrence in patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after fertility-sparing surgery (FSS).

We aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist co-therapy for the preservation of ovarian function in patients with ovarian malignancy who underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and platinum-based chemotherapy.

This systematic review evaluates the oncologic and reproductive outcomes of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) in women diagnosed with stage I ovarian cancer, as classified by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of FSS in preserving fertility without compromising survival outcomes.A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for studies published in English from 2014 onward. Studies involving women under 50 with stage I ovarian cancer who opted for FSS were included. Data extraction focused on oncologic outcomes (recurrence and survival rates) and reproductive outcomes (pregnancy and live birth rates). Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcomes evaluated in this review were reproductive outcomes (pregnancy and live birth rates, including use of assisted reproductive technologies) and oncologic outcomes (recurrence rates, overall survival, and disease-free survival) following fertility-sparing surgery in women with FIGO stage I ovarian cancer.Seventeen studies comprising 1030 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pregnancy success rates ranged from 25% to 91.3%, with live birth rates exceeding 80% in most studies. Spontaneous conception was predominant, though 3.7% to 28% of patients required assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Despite 58% of patients expressing a desire for future pregnancy, only 13% actively attempted conception. Recurrence rates varied from 3% to 33.3%, with most studies reporting between 8 and 15%. Overall survival ranged from 88 to 100%, and disease-free survival remained above 90%. The highest recurrence was observed in mucinous ovarian carcinoma and FIGO Stage IC2/IC3 subtypes.FSS in stage I ovarian cancer is a viable alternative to radical surgery in carefully selected patients, with favorable oncologic and reproductive outcomes. However, recurrence risks and fertility challenges highlight the need for multidisciplinary counseling, long-term surveillance, and further research to refine selection criteria and optimize fertility preservation techniques.© 2025. The Author(s).