目的 探讨初产妇盆底功能自然恢复情况及其影响因素。方法 收集2018年5月至2024年5月就诊于石家庄市第四医院进行产后6周、12周和1年复查的189例初产妇资料。对其一般情况、产科情况、3个随访时间的手测肌力、盆底电生理指标和盆腔器官脱垂分度进行收集，并应用χ²检验、广义估计方程等方法探讨盆底肌力的影响因素。结果 盆底肌力异常（0~2级）在产后6周与12周的检出率差异无统计学意义，但产后1年的异常率显著高于产后6周和12周。广义估计方程参数估计结果显示，产后1年、自行盆底肌锻炼、从事体力劳动强度及胎儿体重对盆底功能影响均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中，产后1年、从事体力劳动强度和胎儿体重为危险因素，而自行盆底肌锻炼为保护因素。结论 在自然恢复状态下，初产妇盆底肌力异常的发生比例随产后时间延长呈上升趋势。积极开展盆底肌锻炼有助于改善盆底功能，而产后时间、劳动强度及胎儿体重是影响盆底肌力的危险因素。

Objective To explore the natural recovery of pelvic floor function and its influencing factors in primiparas. Methods From May 2018 to May 2024，189 primiparas received follow-ups at 6 weeks，12 weeks，and 1 year postpartum in Shijiazhuang No.4 Hospital. Their general conditions，obstetric conditions， and manual muscle strength，electrophysiological indicators of pelvic floor and pelvic organ prolapse classification at three time points of follow-up were collected. Chi-square test and generalized estimating equations （GEE） were used to analyze influencing factors of pelvic floor muscle strength. Results No significant difference was found in the detection rate of abnormal pelvic floor muscle strength （Grade 0-2） at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum，but the abnormal rate at 1 year was significantly higher. GEE showed that 1 year postpartum，voluntary pelvic floor muscle exercise，physical labor intensity，and fetal weight significantly affected pelvic floor function （P<0.05）； the 1 year postpartum，physical labor intensity and fetal weight were risk factors，while voluntary pelvic floor muscle exercise was a protective factor. Conclusions In natural recovery state， the incidence of abnormal pelvic floor muscle strength in primiparas increases with postpartum time. Voluntary pelvic floor muscle exercise improves pelvic floor function，while 1 year postpartum，physical labor intensity，and fetal weight are risk factors for pelvic floor muscle strength.