在全球范围内，剖宫产率正持续上升，预计到2030年将达28.5%；与此同时，阴道助产率呈现显著下降，且存在显著地区差异，其背后是医疗技术、社会观念和医疗环境等多因素共同作用的结果。在适当情况下，熟练安全的阴道助产仍是一项挽救生命的有效措施，能够加快分娩进程，避免或减少第二产程剖宫产带来的近远期并发症。如何在保障安全的前提下提升产科医生的阴道助产技能，已成为产科领域亟待关注与解决的重要问题。文章回顾目前有关阴道助产的最佳证据，并提出以下良好实践建议，包括：阴道助产的先决条件、高危因素、复杂助产手术的可行性、技术创新、标准操作流程、人员资质培训以及使用阴道助产安全核查表以降低并发症风险等。所有产科医护人员，包括各级产科医生和助产士，均应接受培训并具备实施阴道助产（包括产钳术与胎头吸引术）的团队协作能力，有助于缓解当前剖宫产率的上升趋势，从而降低不当分娩方式导致的不良结局。

Globally，the cesarean section rate continues to rise，which is expected to reach 28.5% by 2030. Meanwhile，the rate of assisted vaginal delivery is on the decline， and there are significant regional differences. This results from the combined effects of various factors including medical technology，social concepts，and medical environments. Under appropriate indications，skilled and safe assisted vaginal delivery remains an effective measure for saving lives，as it can accelerate the delivery process and avoid or reduce the short and long-term complications associated with second-stage cesarean sections. How to enhance the skills of obstetricians in assisted vaginal birth while ensuring safety has become an important issue that needs urgent attention and resolution in the field of obstetrics.This article reviews the current best evidence on assisted vaginal delivery and proposes the following good recommendations on practice，including： the prerequisites for assisted vaginal delivery，high-risk factors，the feasibility of difficult delivery procedures，technological innovations，standard operating procedures，training of operators' qualifications，and the use of a safety checklist for assisted vaginal delivery to reduce the risk of complications，etc.It is suggested that all obstetric healthcare providers，including obstetricians and midwives at all levels，should receive training and possess the team collaboration ability to perform assisted vaginal deliveries （including forceps delivery and vacuum extraction），which will help slow down the rising trend of cesarean section rate， and thus decrease the adverse outcomes caused by inappropriate delivery modes.