随着高危孕产妇比例攀升，产房急救压力日益增加，国内诸多机构引入了“5分钟紧急剖宫产”或“决定手术至胎儿娩出时间（DDI）≤30 min”作为质量考核核心指标。文章通过审视紧急剖宫产的时效法则，探讨其科学边界与潜在风险。“5分钟法则”原型仅适用于濒死期剖宫产，不宜盲目泛化。目前尚无高质量证据证明DDI延迟至30 min以上与胎儿神经系统发育不良结局直接相关，且过度追求短时限可能导致母体围术期风险上升。因此，产房管理应摒弃“一刀切”的教条，建立动态分层的个体化DDI目标，引入结局导向的复合质量指标，实现时间效益与母儿安全的科学平衡。

With the proportion of high-risk pregnant women rising，the pressure on delivery units to provide emergency care is increasing. Consequently，many institutions in China have adopted the ‘5-minute emergency caesarean section’ or ‘DDI ≤ 30 minutes’ as core indicators for quality assessment. By examining the time-based rules for emergency caesarean sections，this article explores their scientific limitations and potential risks. The original ‘5-minute rule’ is applicable only to caesarean sections performed during the terminal phase of labour and should not be blindly generalised. Currently，there is no high-quality evidence demonstrating a direct link between a DDI exceeding 30 minutes and adverse outcomes of fetal neurological development; moreover，an excessive focus on short time limits may lead to increased perioperative risks for the mother. Therefore，delivery room management should abandon the‘one-size-fits-all’ approach and establish dynamic，tiered，and individualised DDI targets instead，whilst introducing outcome-oriented composite quality indicators to achieve a scientific balance between time efficiency and maternal and neonatal safety.