目的 了解国内妇科门诊育龄女性阴道念珠菌定植率、影响因素、定植菌种及其体外药物试验敏感性，为外阴阴道念珠菌病的防治提供新的流行病学资料。方法 于2020年1月至2022年12月采用多中心横断面调查研究方法在北京、上海、南京、广州、昆明、南宁、郑州、济南8个城市的8家三甲医院中，纳入1072例符合研究条件的妇科门诊育龄女性，取阴道分泌物行白带常规检查和念珠菌培养及定植菌种体外药物敏感性试验，并对相关影响因素进行分析。结果 完成研究的1072例调查对象的阴道念珠菌定植率为9.4%（101/1072），其中白念珠菌占59.4%、光滑念珠菌占18.8%、热带念珠菌占11.9%、近平滑念珠菌占6.9%。单因素分析结果显示，泡浴、使用清洁抑菌剂阴道冲洗、生活环境潮湿、白带量多、白带有异味等与念珠菌定植有关联（均P<0.05）。结论 念珠菌可在育龄女性的阴道内定植，其中白念珠菌是主要菌种。泡浴、使用清洁抑菌剂阴道冲洗、生活环境潮湿、白带量多、白带有异味等因素是阴道念珠菌定植的影响因素，定植菌株的药物敏感性存在差异。

Objective To investigate the colonization rate of vaginal Candida，its influencing factors，colonizing species，and their in vitro drug susceptibility among women of reproductive age attending gynecology outpatient clinics in China，thereby providing new epidemiological data for the prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 1072 eligible women of reproductive age attending gynecology outpatient clinics were enrolled from eight tertiary hospitals in Beijing，Shanghai，Nanjing，Guangzhou，Kunming，Nanning，Zhengzhou，and Jinan. Vaginal secretions were collected for routine leukorrhea examination，Candida culture，species identification，and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Related influencing factors were also investigated and analyzed. Results Among the 1072 participants who completed the study，the vaginal Candida colonization rate was 9.4% （101/1072）. The distribution of species was as follows：Candida albicans 59.4%，Candida glabrata 18.8%，Candida tropicalis 11.9%，and Candida parapsilosis 6.9%. Univariate analysis showed that bathing in tubs，vaginal douching with cleaning and antibacterial agents，humid living environment，increased vaginal discharge，and abnormal odor of vaginal discharge were significantly associated with Candida colonization （P<0.05）. Conclusions Candida can colonize the vagina of women of reproductive age，with Candida albicans being the predominant species. Bathing in tubs，vaginal douching with cleaning and antibacterial agents，humid living environment，increased vaginal discharge，and abnormal odor of vaginal discharge are influencing factors for vaginal Candida colonization. There are differences in drug susceptibility among colonizing strains.