产后出血（PPH）是产科常见的并发症，严重者可导致孕产妇死亡。宫缩乏力、产道裂伤、胎盘因素和凝血功能障碍是PPH的4大核心病因，可单独或同时存在。但是各病因的发生机制、临床特征存在显著的个体化差异。因此，个体化的处理策略是改善预后的关键。文章基于循证医学证据及临床实践，针对4大病因的个体化评估体系、分层处置策略及多学科协作模式进行系统阐述，强调结合孕产妇自身状况以及医疗资源配置制定精准的个体化方案，为临床实践提供参考。

Postpartum hemorrhage （PPH） is a common obstetric complication and can lead to maternal mortality in severe cases. Uterine atony，laceration of the birth canal，placental factors，and coagulation disorders are the four primary etiologies of PPH，which may occur individually or concurrently. However，significant individual variations exist in the underlying mechanisms and clinical manifestations of these etiologies. Therefore，individualized management strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Based on evidence-based medicine and clinical practice，this article systematically elaborates on a individualized assessment framework，tiered management strategies，and a multidisciplinary collaboration model for the four major etiologies. It emphasizes the development of precise，individualized treatment plans tailored to the patient’s specific condition and available medical resources，aiming to offer insights for clinical practice.