This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. The female section covers pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) primarily caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Unusual causes such as actinomycosis and tuberculosis have also been explored. The male section delves into infections affecting the vas deferens, epididymis, testes, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Uncommon causes such as tuberculosis, and Zinner syndrome have also been discussed. In addition, this review highlights other conditions that mimic male genital tract infections such as vasculitis, IgG4-related diseases, and sarcoidosis. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of these inflammatory diseases are essential for preventing serious complications and infertility. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography play a crucial role in diagnosis. Understanding the diverse etiologies and imaging findings is vital for the effective management of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.© 2023. The Author(s).

Objectives: We developed ultrasound (US) image-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to distinguish between tubal-ovarian abscess (TOA) and ovarian endometriosis cyst (OEC).

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is the main sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), with no established treatment. ZY5301 tablets, an effective part preparation extracted from Ajuga decumbens Thunb. (jingucao), are being tested as a treatment for CPP caused by PID.