关键词: 超声, 出生缺陷, 生长参数, 多普勒超声, 早孕期, 中晚孕期, 三维超声

Abstract: The advantages and disadvantages of two-dimensional ultrasound，color Doppler，ultrasound in early pregnancy，ultrasound in middle and late pregnancy and three-dimensional ultrasound in the clinical screening of birth defects are summarized.Two-dimensional ultrasound and color Doppler are still the most important methods to screen for and diagnose birth defects.Prenatal echocardiographers receiving standardized training is the basis to ensure the goal of preventing and controlling birth defects by ultrasound screening.

Key words: ultrasound, birth defects, growth parameters, doppler ultrasound, early pregnancy, middle and late pregnancy, three-dimensional ultrasound