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06 February 2019, Volume 34 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expert consensus on immunization in children with special health state（Ⅶ）：Febrile seizures and immunization 2019, 34(2): 81-82.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020601 Abstract ( )

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Expert consensus on immunization in children with special health state（Ⅷ）：Epilepsy and immunization 2019, 34(2): 82-84.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020602 Abstract ( )

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Expert consensus on immunization in children with special health state（Ⅸ）：Cerebral palsy and immunization 2019, 34(2): 84-85.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020603 Abstract ( )

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Expert consensus on immunization in children with special health state（Ⅹ）：Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and immunization 2019, 34(2): 85-86.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020604 Abstract ( )

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Expert consensus on immunization in children with special health state（Ⅺ）：Infantile jaundice and immunization 2019, 34(2): 87-88.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020605 Abstract ( )

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Interpretation of Advice on the Collection，Transfer and Detection of Microbiological Testing Specimen in Children with Respiratory Infection （Focusing on Virus） ZHANG Hai-lin， LI Chang-chong 2019, 34(2): 89-93.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020606 Abstract ( )   The virus is a major pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children. Detection of viral etiology of respiratoty illnesses can provide valuable information to direct the management of patients over the different clinical manifestations. The procedures of the collection，transport and processing of specimens is the most error-prone parts in microbiological testing. Clinicians also lack sufficient understanding of the procedures and clinical value for respiratory virus detection. The paper covers the main content of Advice on Collection，Transport and Detection of Microbiological Testing Specimen in Children with Respiratory Infection（Focusing on Virus），the importance and problems involved in specimen collection，laboratory testing of respiratory viruses，and interpretation of the results.

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Interpretation of 2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Advanced Life Support:An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care LI Jiu-jun 2019, 34(2): 94-96.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020607 Abstract ( )   In November 2018，the American Heart Association（AHA） updated Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. The new guideline provided the evidence review and treatment recommendation for antiarrhythmic drug therapy in pediatric shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest. The update was carried out by the Pediatrics Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation（ILCOR） for ongoing clinical evidence review. The update continues with the view of 2015’s edition that either lidocaine or amiodarone may be used to treat pediatric patients with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The flow chart of cardiac arrest for pediatric advanced life support was slightly adjusted.

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Etiological diagnosis for respiratory virus infections in children: Current status and challenges QIAN Yuan 2019, 34(2): 97-99.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020608 Abstract ( )   Respiratory tract infection is one of the most common diseases in pediatric patients with various clinical presentation and severity ranges from mild upper respiratory tract illnesses to serious or fatal lower respiratory tract disease. Virus is one of the most common respiratory pathogens，especially in infants and young children. Rapidly establishing the viral etiology of a respiratory illness with high sensitivity and specificity is of important. In recent years，more and more new techniques and methods for viral etiological diagnosis have been developed. Advantages and short comes for various diagnostic techniques and methods in clinical practice are compared and discussed here for reference.

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Epidemiology of respiratory virus infection in children　 WANG Ying-shuo 2019, 34(2): 100-104.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020609 Abstract ( )   Respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of outpatient treatment and mortality in children under 5 years. Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with respiratory tract infection，which should be paid attention to in pediatricians. The review discusses epidemiologic characteristics of common respiratory virus，focusing on respiratory syncytial virus（RSV），influenza virus，human rhinovirus（HRV） and human adenoviruses（HADV）. The paper also briefly introduces the epidemiological characteristics of the newly discovered viruses，such as parainfluenza virus（PIV），human metapneumovirus（HMPV），human coronavirus（HCoV）. At last，the information of viral-viral coinfections in children is reviewed.

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Laboratory diagnostic methods for pediatric respiratory virus infection and their rational application AI Jun-hong，XIE Zheng-de 2019, 34(2): 104-108.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020610 Abstract ( )   Viruses are the main causes of respiratory tract infection in children. Early，rapid and accurate diagnosis of pathogen in respiratory tract infection can avoid antibiotic abuse. There are advantages and disadvantages of different laboratory diagnostic methods for respiratory virus infections. Thus，appropriate choice of diagnostic methods and correct interpretation of the test results can help clinicians to make accurate pathogen diagnosis.

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Clinical features of common respiratory virus infectious diseases in children JI Wei，GU Wen-jing，ZHANG Xin-xing 2019, 34(2): 108-111.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020611 Abstract ( )   Acute respiratory infection in children is a common clinical disease and is an important cause of death in children. Viral infection plays an important role in acute respiratory infection. Most virus infections have no specific clinical characteristics，but some have. To be familiar with the clinical features of different virus infection is significant for early clinical diagnosis，prompt identification of pathogens and rational drug use.

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Diagnosis and treatment of the critically ill caused by respiratory tract virus infection in children ZHANG Dong-wei，LU Gen 2019, 34(2): 111-116.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020612 Abstract ( )   Viral lower respiratory tract infections（LRTIs） are common causes of critical illness in children. Recent advances in viral detection techniques over the past decade have demonstrated the rates of morbidity，mortality，and medical burden of LRTIs caused by viruses are comparable to those of bacterial community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. In the paper，it described the relationship between viral LRTIs and critical illness，and discuss relevant clinical features and management strategies of the more prevalent respiratory viral pathogens. Early diagnostic and treatment strategies are required to effectively treat these infections and prevent complications.

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Therapeutic progress of respiratory viral infections in children TIAN Xiao-yin，LUO Zheng-xiu 2019, 34(2): 116-119.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020613 Abstract ( )   Respiratory infections，especially respiratory viral infections，are common diseases in children. Although most respiratory viral infection diseases are self-limiting，some children may be hospitalized or even life-threatened due to severe viral lower respiratory tract infection. With the progress of virology research，new and effective antiviral drugs have been developed. Thus，the study focuses on the therapeutic progress of respiratory viral infections so as to improve the treatment  for common respiratory viral infections in children.

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Expression of IL-10R1 in T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of children with food allergy SUN Jin-bo*，DU Jun-bao，LI Zai-ling 2019, 34(2): 120-125.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020614 Abstract ( )   Objective　To study on the expression and clinical significance of interleukin 10 receptor 1（IL-10R1） in T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of children with food allergy. Methods　The food allergy group included 50 cases of children admitted in Department of Pediatrics of Peking University Third Hospital from July 1，2017 to December 31，2017 and were diagnosed with food allergy. A total of 25 cases of healthy children who visited Child Health and Development Center of Peking University Third Hospital in the same period with no food allergy manifestation were selected as a healthy control group.  The clinical manifestations of food allergy in different age groups were compared. Flow cytometry was used to examine the expression of IL-10R1 in CD4+T cells and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and the MFI. According to the results of allergen specific IgE test，the food allergy children were classified as allergen specific IgE positive group and negative group.  The expression of lL-10R1 in the CD4+T lymphocytes and CD8+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and the MFI of the two groups were compared. A severity index of clinical symptoms and signs of food allergy was used to grade illness severity of food allergy children. Then it analyzed the correlation between the expression rates of IL-10R1 in CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in peripheral blood and the scores. Results　The expression rates and MFI of IL-10R1 in CD4+T cells in peripheral blood of food allergy group were lower compared to the control group. The median expression rates and MFI were 40.23 versus 45.32，12.18 versus 17.69（Z＝-2.506，-5.547，P＝0.012，0.000，respectively）. The expression rates and MFI of IL-10R1 in CD8+T cells in the peripheral blood of food allergy group were also lower than the control group. The median expression rates  and  MFI were 34.50 versus 39.46，12.47 versus 17.28（Z＝-4.035，-5.226，P＝0.000，0.000，respectively）. IL-10R1 expression rates and MFI on CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in peripheral blood of allergen specific IgE positive group were similar to those of the negative group. The expression rates of IL-10R1on CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in peripheral blood of children with food allergy had no correlation with the symptom and sign scores of food allergy. Conclusion　The decrease of the expression of IL-10R1 in CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in peripheral blood may be associated with food allergy of children；the expression of IL-10R1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of food allergy mediated by IgE and non-IgE，but it was not associated with the severity of food allergy.

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Early diagnostic value of the test of infant motor performance for preterm infants’ abnormal motor development：A literature review MA Xue-ling，ZHANG Qian-nan，HUA Zi-yu 2019, 34(2): 126-131.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020615 Abstract ( )   Objective　To investigate the application of NBNA and TIMP in the follow-up of preterm infants，and to assess the value of them in early diagnosis of abnormal motor development of preterms. Methods　Databases including Pubmed，Embase and Cochrane Library，China National knowledge internet，and Wanfang data were searched for studies about neuro-behavior or motor assessments with NBNA or TIMP. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with COSMIN checklist，then the predictive validity of NBNA and TIMP were compared. Results　Ultimately，16 studies were included，5 of which were about the application of NBNA in follow-up of preterm infants. But many factors might pose threat to methodological quality. As for TIMP，11 studies were included，9 of which showed that with a satisfying predictive validity（sensitivity：0.50 to 1.00；specificity：0.68 to 1.00） or moderate correlation（r：0.36 to 0.44） for the neurodevelopmental scores after half a year old. TIMP is helpful in making early diagnosis for neurodevelopmental disability. Conclusion　With satisfying predictive validity for long-term neurological development outcomes of the preterm infants，TIMP is considered as an alternative method of assessing functional movements in preterms.

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Clinical characteristics of anomalous origin of coronary artery accompanied with myocardial damage in children：A report of 72 cases NA Jia，YU Xia，YUAN Yue 2019, 34(2): 132-135.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020616 Abstract ( )   Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of anomalous origin of the coronary artery accompanied with myocardial damage，so as to improve the level of clinicians’ diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods　The clinical data of 72 cases of anomalous origin of the coronary artery accompanied with myocardial damage admitted in Department of Cardiology，Beijing Children’s Hospital，Capital Medical University from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics，diagnosis and treatment methods were analyzed. Results　In 42 cases（58.3%），chest pain，chest tightness and palpitation were the main clinical symptoms. ECG abnormalities were mainly ST-T changes（62.5%）. Echocardiography showed 13 cases（18.1%） of cardiac enlargement，4 cases（5.6%） of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Coronary artery CT angiography（CTA） showed that the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery was the most frequent（73.6%），followed by the anomalous origin of bilateral coronary arteries（13.9%），and the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery was the least frequent（12.5%）. The whole group was successfully treated with no death. Conclusion　There might be a correlation between the anomalous origin of coronary artery and ischemic myocardial damage. In the examination of patients，pediatricians should pay more attention to the judgments of the position and movement of the coronary artery by CTA，and attach importance to the differential diagnosis between ischemic myocardial damage and myocarditis.

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Vaccination and Kawasaki disease CHEN Xiao-zheng，DU Zhong-dong 2019, 34(2): 136-139.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020617 Abstract ( )

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Research progress of extra-cellular vesicle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ZHOU Xue-lian，JIA Jun-jun，DONG Guan-ping，et al 2019, 34(2): 140-143.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020618 Abstract ( )

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Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction in neonates FU Jia-bo，XUE Xin-dong 2019, 34(2): 144-148.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020619 Abstract ( )

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Research progress of the relationship between preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes and MMPs gene polymorphisms ZHANG Xiao-jia，WANG Yu-ying，JIN Zhen-ai 2019, 34(2): 149-153.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020620 Abstract ( )

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Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis in children：A report of 1 case WANG Gui-qing，LU Quan，ZHONG Hai-qin，et al 2019, 34(2): 154-157.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020621 Abstract ( )

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Clinical application of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children：A report of 5 cases ZHAO Hong-mei，LU Qi，OUYANG Hong-juan，et al 2019, 34(2): 158-160.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020622 Abstract ( )

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Systemic lupus erythematosus combined with macrophage activation syndrome in children：A report of 2 cases LIANG Nan，BAO Ying，QIAN Pei，et al 2019, 34(2): 161-164.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020623 Abstract ( )

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Langerhans cell histiocytosis with the first clinical manifestation of chronic diarrhea：A report of 2 cases WANG Rui-feng，LI Xiao-qin，ZHOU Fang 2019, 34(2): 165-168.  DOI: 10.19538/j.ek2019020624 Abstract ( )