Abstract: The article retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of a pediatric patient with HHV-6 encephalitis combined with MOG antibody-associated disease and reviewed relevant literature. The patient was an 11-year-old girl with acute onset，rapidly presenting with convulsions and coma. Mild cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was observed，and next-generation sequencing（NGS）of pathogenic microorganism nucleic acids in cerebrospinal fluid showed a large number of HHV-6. The serum MOG antibody titer was 1:10. MRI revealed extensive inflammatory and demyelinating lesions in the brain parenchyma，optic nerve，and cervical spinal cord. Following treatment with methylprednisolone pulse therapy，intravenous immunoglobulin，and ganciclovir，the patient achieved complete neurological recovery，with significant improvement on imaging. Two case reports on HHV-6 infection complicated with MOG antibody-associated disease were retrieved from the literature，all of which had favorable prognoses after antiviral therapy combined with early immunotherapy. When demyelinating changes are present in HHV-6 encephalitis children with normal immune function，the possibility of concurrent MOG antibody-associated disease should be considered. Early and precise diagnosis can be achieved using cerebrospinal fluid NGS combined with demyelinating antibody detection.

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摘要： 回顾分析人类疱疹病毒6型（HHV-6）脑炎合并髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）抗体相关疾病患儿的临床资料并进行相关文献复习。患儿女，11岁，急性起病，迅速出现抽搐、昏迷，脑脊液细胞数轻微升高，脑脊液病原微生物核酸高通量测序检出大量HHV-6，血清MOG抗体1︰10，磁共振成像显示广泛脑实质、视神经、颈髓炎性及脱髓鞘病灶。经甲泼尼龙冲击、丙种球蛋白及更昔洛韦治疗，患儿神经功能完全康复，影像学明显好转。检索既往报道2篇关于HHV-6感染合并MOG抗体相关疾病，早期抗病毒联合免疫治疗后均预后良好。当免疫功能正常儿童HHV-6脑炎有脱髓鞘表现时，应注意合并MOG抗体相关疾病的可能性，应用脑脊液测序联合脱髓鞘抗体检测可实现早期精准诊断。

关键词: 人类疱疹病毒6型, 高通量测序, 髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白