Abstract: Neonatal encephalopathy is an important clinical syndrome with large heterogeneity in etiology and prognosis，and evidence-based treatment is limited. With the develo-pment of molecular diagnostic techniques，the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal encephalopathy has entered the molecular era. Understanding the application of molecular diagnosis in neonatal encephalopathy is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. 

Key words: newborn, encephalopathy, molecular diagnosis

摘要： 新生儿脑病（neonatal encephalopathy，NE）是一类重要的临床综合征，其病因、预后异质性大，循证治疗手段有限。随着分子诊断技术的发展，新生儿脑病的诊疗已经进入分子时代。了解新生儿脑病的分子诊断进展，有助于开拓临床医生的诊疗思路。

关键词: 新生儿, 脑病, 分子诊断