Abstract:

：Objective    To access the clinical efficacy and safety of high-pressure balloon dilatation of bronchial stenosis in children. Methods    5 cases of bronchial stenosis in children, including congenital stenosis, were managed by high-pressure balloon dilation using the flexible fiberopic brochoscope, the balloon was inflated for 1 to 3 min.  Before the management and after the last balloon, the effectiveness were evaluated with  chest X-ray and all of patients were followed-up 1-6 months. Results    Patients required a 2-4 sessions balloon dilatation. After high-pressure balloon dilatations, the airway diameter was obviously increased and the clinical symptoms and signs were significant improvement.  Chest X-ray manifestation of expanded sites was improved and pulmonary atelectasis and consolidation disappeared after follow-up periods of 1-6 months. The child with congenital stenosis had no recurrence of high-profile metal-like cough, pulmonary emphysema disappeared. Conclusion    High-pressure balloon dilatation of is a safe, efficient, simple and rapid method for treatment of bronchial stenosis  in children.

Key words: balloon dilatation, bronchoscope, bronchial stenosis, atelectasis

摘要：

目的    探讨高压球囊扩张术在儿童支气管狭窄临床应用中的疗效及安全性 。 方法    对天津市儿童医院2010年6 - 12月住院的5例支气管狭窄患儿（包括先天性狭窄1例），经支气管镜进行高压球囊扩张术，每次球囊扩张1～3min，对比术前及末次球囊扩张术后胸片的改变，并定期随访1～6个月。对其临床资料进行回顾分析。  结果    5例患儿经高压球囊扩张2～4次，狭窄段支气管管腔明显增宽，临床症状及体征明显改善，复查胸片肺实变及肺不张均有不同程度好转，肺气肿明显减轻。随访1～6个月，4例肺炎肺不张患儿复查胸片基本正常，1例先天性狭窄患儿未再出现高调金属样咳嗽，胸片示肺气肿消失。结论    经支气管镜高压球囊扩张术治疗儿童支气管狭窄是一种安全、有效、简便的方法。

关键词: 球囊扩张, 支气管镜, 支气管狭窄, 肺不张