Abstract:

Acute infectious bronchiolitis could be caused by virus，bacteria，fungus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae with non-specific histology in children. Fever，cough and wheeze were the clinical manifestations；while centrilobular nodules，tree-in-bud and bronchiolar wall thickening were the main HRCT findings. The short-term prognosis was often good，although long-term prognosis was not optimistic with asthma and recurrent wheezing left. Since acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis cases seemed to increase recently，it should be paid attention to by pediatrician.

Key words: acute infectious bronchiolitis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis

摘要：

病毒、细菌、真菌、肺炎支原体等病原体均可引发儿童急性感染性细支气管炎。其组织学无特异性，临床以发热、咳嗽、喘息为主，影像学表现为小叶中心结节、树芽征、细支气管管壁增厚等；短期预后良好，远期则可引发哮喘、反复喘息。急性肺炎支原体细支气管炎近年来有增多趋势，须引起临床医生重视。

关键词: 感染性细支气管炎, 肺炎支原体细支气管炎