Abstract: Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells，which are widely present in various bodily fluids. Exosomes carry various bioactive substances and play a key role in intercellular signaling，which have significant effect on the physiology and pathology process. During the initiation and development of the disease，the quantities and content of exosomes can change，and the properties of exosomes can reflect the characteristics of the originate cells. Due to the unique feature of exosomes，more and more researchers use them as ideal disease diagnosis marker for early diagnosis of diseases and prognostic monitoring. Recently，people have developed a variety of technical methods for analyzing disease-related exosomes based on optical and non-optical principles. Here，we review the detection technology of exosomes and the application in oral diseases diagnosis.

Key words: exosomes, early diagnosis, detection

摘要： 外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡，广泛存在于各类体液中。外泌体携带的多种生物活性物质可以在细胞间进行传递，从而影响机体生理和病理状态。在疾病的发生发展过程中，外泌体的含量和内容物常发生改变，且外泌体可以反映其来源细胞的特性。基于外泌体的独特性质，越来越多的研究人员将其作为理想的生物标志物，用于疾病的早期诊断及预后监测。目前，基于光学和非光学原理开发了多种技术手段用于分析疾病相关外泌体。文章就外泌体检测相关技术及其在口腔疾病诊断中的应用做一阐述。

关键词: 外泌体, 早期诊断, 检测