Abstract:

Objective　To assess the present status of human resources in oral disease prevention institutions and primary health care institutions and analyze the relationship between human resource condition and dental caries in children，thus providing data support for making related policies in the field of oral public health. Methods　To census the oral public health human resources conditions by using questionnaire for part-time and full-time staff in 16 district-level professional oral institutions and primary medical institutions in Shanghai in 2014 and 2016. Meanwhile，using the method of stratified cluster to extract 544 children at the age of 5 and 316 children at the age of 12 in 2014, extract 3086 children at the age of 5 and 2015 children at the age of 12 in 2016，check the caries disease prevalence according to the WHO oral health inspection standards. Analysis human resources constitution in 2014 and 2016 by chi-square test and Spearman correlation method is used to analyze the relationship between the human resource index and caries rate of children. Apply SPSS19.0 software for statistical analysis. Results　The total number of oral public health in 2016 is 887，Compared with year 2014, the number increased 15.34%. However, The academic title of intermediate level professionals decreased 72.58%，educational background above undergraduate increased 66%，those engaged in oral public health work time more than 4 hours a day decreased 53.35%. The ratio of oral public health professionals to students in primary and middle schools is 1∶1984. The caries rate of deciduous teeth in children of 5 years old and permanent teeth in children of 12 years old were 55.4% and 28.9% respectively. DMFT were 2.69 and 0.57 respectively. Both declined compared with the year 2014. Degree constitution of public health human resources in 2016 was correlated with dental caries. Among them, the more proportion of bachelor degree, the lower of caries rate of deciduous teeth and DMFT in children of 5 years old. The more proportion of full-time staff, the lower rate of permanent teeth in children of 12 years old. Conclusion　Increase of oral human resources and implement of classification of oral diseases is the necessity of promoting orderly development of oral public development.

Key words: human resources, oral public health, caries rate, Shanghai, children's dental caries

摘要：

目的　了解上海市各级口腔病防治机构及社区卫生中心内从事口腔公共卫生服务的人力资源现状，分析其与儿童患龋率的相关性，为制定上海市口腔公共卫生相关政策提供数据支持。方法　采用普查的方法，于2014年和2016年分别对上海市及16个区级口腔病防治机构及社区卫生中心从事口腔公共卫生工作的兼专职人员状况进行问卷调查。同时，采用分层整群法于2014年在上海市16个区抽取544名5岁及316名12岁儿童，2016年各区抽取3086名5岁及2015名12岁儿童，按照WHO口腔健康检查标准进行患龋情况检查。采用SPSS19.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析。应用χ2检验比较2014年和2016年人力资源构成比，Spearman秩相关检验分析各区人力资源状况与儿童患龋率的关系。结果　2016年上海市口腔公共卫生人员共887人，数量比2014年增加了15.34%，但中级职称以上人员减少了72.58%，本科以上学历人员减少了66%，专职人员减少了53.35%。口腔公共卫生人员与公办幼儿园、中小学学生数比为1∶1984。5岁和12岁儿童患龋率分别为55.4%和 28.9%，龋均分别为 2.69 和 0.57，较 2014 年均有下降，2016年各区口腔公共卫生人力资源的学历构成与专职人员比例与儿童龋病健康存在相关关系。其中，本科及以上人员比例越大，5 岁儿童乳牙患龋率和龋均越低；专职人员比例越大，12岁儿童恒牙患龋率越低。结论　增加口腔公共卫生人力资源，做好口腔疾病的分级诊疗，是促进上海市口腔公共卫生工作有序发展的必要条件。

关键词: 人力资源, 口腔公共卫生, 患龋率, 上海市, 儿童龋病