Abstract:

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease characterized by progressive destruction and loss of periodontium including gingiva，periodontal ligament，alveolar bone and cementum，and is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Clinically，periodontal tissues are generally recovered through surgical treatment under the control of inflammation，whereas periodontal ligament，also viewed as an interface between alveolar bone and cementum，is difficult to reconstruct for its complicated anatomy. With this context，this paper aims to discuss the structure and functions of natural periodontal ligament，the present technology of periodontal ligament regeneration and the specific factors influencing the regeneration. We wished to offer reference for periodontal regeneration.

Key words: periodontal ligament, tissue engineering, mechanical loading, inflammatory environment

摘要：

牙周炎是一类以牙龈、牙周膜、牙槽骨和牙骨质等牙周支持组织的进行性破坏和丧失为主要表现的慢性感染性疾病，是成年人失牙的首要原因。临床上，在控制牙周炎症的基础上，相关学者更期待通过牙周手术修复和再生已破坏的牙周组织。牙周膜作为牙槽骨和牙骨质之间的软组织界面，解剖结构精细复杂，是牙周组织再生中的难点。文章就天然牙周膜的解剖结构和发育过程、牙周膜再生技术及影响牙周膜再生的特异性因素做一综述，以期为牙周膜及牙周组织的再生研究提供理论参考依据。

关键词: 牙周膜, 组织工程, 机械负荷, 炎性环境