Abstract:

In the recent years，various kinds of traditional and newly developed bone graft materials and surgical techniques have been widely used in oral and maxillofacial bone reconstruction，which has effectively solved the bone defect problems caused by the inflammation，trauma and tumor surgery. The usage of these surgical techniques and bone graft materials have broadened the indications and improved the clinical results of dental implant treatment. In this review，we will discuss the characteristics of the bone graft materials currently used in dental implant treatment，and review the application of autograft，allograft，xenograft and alloplast materials. A brief description of the research status and future prospect of the tissue engineering bone graft materials will also be presented.

Key words: bone defect, bone graft materials, dental implant

摘要：

近年来，多种传统和新型的植骨材料及手术方法在颌面部牙槽骨缺损的重建中得到广泛应用，有效解决了因炎症、外伤、肿瘤手术等原因导致的骨量不足问题，拓宽了口腔种植的适应证，提升了种植修复的临床效果。文章根据目前口腔种植领域中常用植骨材料的特点，分类讨论了自体骨、同种异体骨、异种骨及各种人工合成的骨替代材料在口腔种植中的应用现状，并简述了组织工程骨的研究现状和应用前景。

关键词: 骨缺损, 植骨材料, 种植牙