Abstract:

There are many oral factors causing the defect and loss of alveolar bone，including the damage of alveolar surgery，the alveolar bone absorption after tooth extraction，the odontogenic inflammation and dental trauma，mandible cysts and tumors. The dental trauma and odontogenic inflammation are the most common factors which cause the alveolar bone defect and loss. This article will analyze the reasons and prevention of the dental trauma and odontogenic inflammation which cause the loss of alveolar bone and describe the methods of dealing with the defect and loss of alveolar bone.

Key words: alveolar bone defect, alveolar ridge preservation, bone graft

摘要：

引起牙槽骨缺损或缺失的口腔局部原因主要包括在牙槽突部位实施外科手术时引起局部组织过度或意外损伤、拔牙后牙槽骨废用性吸收、牙源性炎症及牙外伤、颌骨囊肿及肿瘤。其中，牙外伤及牙源性炎症是引起牙槽骨缺损或缺失的最常见口腔局部因素。本文将对牙外伤及牙源性炎症引起牙槽骨缺损或缺失的原因、预防措施及对已造成牙槽骨缺损或缺失的处理方法进行说明，以期为临床工作者在处理相关问题时提供帮助。

关键词: 牙槽骨缺损, 牙槽嵴保存, 骨移植