中国实用口腔科杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 565-568.DOI: 10.19538/j.kq.2021.05.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

上颌中切牙位点模拟即刻种植中发生鼻腭管穿孔的影响因素研究

杨苗苗1a,马永清1b,王战昕2,陈靖文1a,曲哲1a   

  1. 1. 大连市口腔医院a种植科,b口腔颌面外科,辽宁  大连  116021;2. 大连市妇幼保健院口腔科,辽宁  大连  116033
  • 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-09-30
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省自然科学基金(2019-MS-073);大连市科技创新基金(2019J13SN98)

  • Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-09-30

摘要: 目的    研究不同因素对上颌中切牙位点模拟即刻种植中发生鼻腭管穿孔的影响。方法    选取2020年1—12月在大连市口腔医院影像科拍摄的符合纳入标准的100例患者锥形束CT(CBCT)影像,在双侧上颌中切牙位点模拟植入直径4.3 mm、长16 mm的锥形种植体,观察鼻腭管穿孔发生的频次、部位及程度,比较不同性别、年龄、位点及鼻腭管形态对鼻腭管穿孔发生率的影响;减小种植体直径和(或)长度再进行模拟植入,观察不同型号种植体对鼻腭管穿孔发生率的影响。结果    100例患者的鼻腭管形态以管型最多、梭型最少。模拟植入直径4.3 mm、长16 mm种植体时,鼻腭管穿孔发生率为8.0%;其中男性发生率略高于女性,中年组发生率略高于青年组和老年组,右上颌中切牙位点发生率略高于左上颌中切牙位点,但不同性别、年龄、位点之间的差异均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05);鼻腭管穿孔发生率以梭型鼻腭管最高(37.5%)、锥型鼻腭管最低(1.7%),在不同鼻腭管形态之间的差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001);更改种植体型号,模拟植入直径3.5 mm、长13 mm的锥形种植体时鼻腭管穿孔率下降至2.0%。结论    在上颌中切牙位点模拟即刻种植中,性别、年龄及位点对鼻腭管穿孔发生率无明显影响,鼻腭管形态对鼻腭管穿孔发生率有显著影响。锥形种植体直径和(或)长度的减小可在一定程度上降低鼻腭管穿孔发生率。

关键词: 鼻腭管, 锥形束CT, 牙种植, 上颌前牙区

Abstract: Objective    To investigate influencing factors of nasopalatine canal(NPC)perforation in virtual immediate implant placement in the maxillary central incisors region. Methods    Totally 100 cone-beam CT scans of 100 patients were selected form database of Dalian Stomatological Hospital from January to December of 2020. The immediate implants were virtually placed with different sizes of implants. The incidence of perforation of NPC was assessed and analyzed. Results    The most common shape of NPC was cylindrical in 100 patients,and the least was spindle. After tapered implants(diameter 4.3 mm,length 16 mm)were placed,8.0% showed perforation. Male,middle-aged and the site of right central incisor had slightly higher incidence of perforation of NPC,but there was no significant difference between different gender,age or sites(all P > 0.05). The incidence of perforation was the highest in spindle NPC(37.5%)and the lowest in pyramidal(1.7%),a statistically significant difference was found in different NPC shapes(P < 0.001). After replacing with tapered implant(diameter 3.5 mm,length 13 mm),only 2.0% had perforation. Conclusion    In virtual immediate implant palcement  in the maxillary central incisors region,gender,age and sites have no effect on the incidence of NPC perforation. Shapes had significant effect on the incidence of perforation of NPC. The reduction of the diameter and/or length of tapered implant can reduce the incidence of NPC perforation.

Key words: nasopalatine canal, cone-beam CT, dental implant, anterior maxilla