Abstract: Lung infection is the major cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The key to successful diagnosis and treatment of lung infections， especially severe lung infections， is to find the etiology and to treat with antimicrobial drugs for the targeted microorganism. The modern pediatric respiratory intervention techniques can obtain not only the liquid specimen of bronchial lung lesions，but also intratracheal tissue specimens and lung tissue specimens. The sampling through these microscopic respiratory intervention techniques combined with navigation technology will be more accurate and safe. With the advance of pathogenic microbiological detection technology，a clear diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms in pediatric lung infection would be more likely to be obtained. Therefore，modern pediatric interventional pulmonologists must be familiar with and master these pediatric respiratory intervention techniques and their advantages and disadvantages in the detection of pediatric pulmonary infection etiology，and the correct choice can be made in the clinical decision-making.

Key words: lung infection, etiology, respiratory intervention technology, pediatrics

摘要： 肺部感染是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要病因， 肺部感染特别是重症肺部感染 ，诊断和治疗成功的关键是找到病原进行针对性抗微生物治疗。现代儿科呼吸介入技术不仅能获得支气管肺部病灶的液体性标本； 也能获得气管腔内组织标本和肺组织标本， 同时联合导航技术又让这些镜下呼吸介入技术采样更加精准、 安全。加上病原微生物学检测技术的进步， 使得儿科肺部感染病原微生物得到明确诊断率大大提高。因此， 现代儿科介入肺科医生要熟悉和掌握这些儿科呼吸介入技术及其在儿科肺部感染病原学检测的优缺点， 在临床抉择过程中才能做出正确选择。

关键词: 肺部感染, 病原学, 呼吸介入技术, 儿科