Abstract: Pediatric cardiomyopathy is a rare disease with an annual incidence of 1 per 100 000. Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are the most common；restricted, arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy，left ventricular noncompaction, and mixed cardiomyopathy are rare. Although the morphology and clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathy in adults and children are similar，cardiomyopathy in children still has its own imaging and clinical characteristics. For example，when using echocardiography to evaluate children’heart，Z-values is more important，and diastolic function is difficult to access. The article focuses on the characteristics of echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy in children and related imaging characteristics，and compares them with those of adult cardiomyopathy.

Key words: echocardiography, pediatric cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Z score

摘要： 儿童心肌病是一种罕见疾病，每年发病率为10万分之一。其中以扩张型和肥厚型心肌病最常见；限制型、致心律失常心室心肌病以及左心室致密化不全、混合型心肌病很少见。尽管成人和儿童心肌病的形态和临床表现相似，但儿童心肌病还是有其独特的影像学和临床特点，例如在运用超声心动图评估儿童心脏时，更提倡使用Z值、舒张功能评估等。该文着重阐述了超声心动图在儿童心肌病的超声诊断及相关影像学特点，并与成人心肌病影像学特点进行了比较。

关键词: 超声心动图, 儿童心肌病, 扩张型心肌病, 肥厚型心肌病, Z值