中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志

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上海市杨浦区两个社区儿童过敏性疾病横断面调查与分析

  

  1. 1.上海市杨浦区妇幼保健院（所）， 上海  200082； 2.上海童杏儿科门诊部， 上海  200433
  • 出版日期:2020-09-06 发布日期:2020-10-10

A cross-sectional survey and analysis of childhood allergic diseases in two communities of Yangpu District，Shanghai

  1. *Yangpu District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital，Shanghai  200082，China
  • Online:2020-09-06 Published:2020-10-10

摘要： 目的　比较上海市杨浦区两个社区儿童过敏性疾病的患病情况，分析发病因素和疾病控制水平，提高临床医师对儿童过敏性疾病的认识和诊疗水平。方法　于2019年12月至2020年1月对杨浦区两个社区（较新社区为新江湾城社区；老旧社区为五角场社区）0～5岁的儿童家长进行过敏性疾病问卷调查，问卷包括国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）问卷哮喘、鼻炎、湿疹的核心问题并添加儿童家庭背景信息、室内外环境、生活习惯等问题。对收集到的儿童过敏性疾病相关数据进行分析研究。结果　本次问卷调查共收到新江湾城社区及五角场社区有效问卷1247份（新江湾城社区590名，男298名，女292名；五角场社区657名，男346名，女311名）。喘息发生率分别为：新江湾城社区20.4%，五角场社区12.6%，P＜0.001；鼻炎发生率分别为：新江湾城社区40.0%，五角场社区28.0%，P＜0.001；湿疹发生率分别为：新江湾城社区17.5%，五角场社区8.5%，P＜0.001；食物过敏发生率分别为：新江湾城社区23.3%，五角场社区16.6%，P＝0.004；过敏性疾病家族史阳性率分别为：新江湾城社区34.2%，五角场社区23.0%，P＜0.001。结论　上海市杨浦区新江湾城社区儿童过敏性疾病的发生率明显高于五角场社区；外界环境因素和生活方式的改变在儿童过敏性疾病发生发展中起到越来越重要的作用。

关键词: 过敏性疾病, 儿童健康, 疾病管理

Abstract: Objective　To compare the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in the new and old communities of Yangpu District，Shanghai，analyze the morbidity factors and diseases control level，and improve clinicians’ understanding and diagnosis/treatment of childhood allergic diseases. Methods　In this study，from December 2019 to January 2020，parents of children aged 0-5 in the new and old communities of Yangpu District（the new community is the Xinjiangwan City community；the old community is the Wujiaochang community） were surveyed about allergic diseases. The questionnaire included the core questions of asthma，rhinitis，eczema in International Children’s Asthma and Allergy Research（ISAAC） questionnaire，plus the child’s family background information，indoor and outdoor environment，lifestyle habits and other issues；analyze and study the related data on children’s allergic diseases. Results　In this questionnaire survey，a total of 1247 valid questionnaires were collected from Xinjiangwan City community and Wujiaochang community（590 from Xinjiangwan City community，298 male，292 female；657 from Wujiaochang community，346 male，311 female）. The prevalence of wheezing was：20.4% in Xinjiangwan City community，12.6% in Wujiaochang community，P＜0.001；the prevalence of rhinitis was：40.0% in Xinjiangwan City community，28.0% in Wujiaochang community，P＜0.001；the prevalence of eczema was：17.5% in Xinjiangwan City community，8.5% in Wujiaochang community，P＜0.001；the prevalence of food allergies was：23.3% in Xinjiangwan City community，16.6% in Wujiaochang community，P＝0.004；family history of allergic diseases was：34.2% in Xinjiangwan City community，23.0% in Wujiaochang community，P＜0.001. Conclusion The prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in Xinjiangwan City community is significantly higher than that in Wujiaochang community. External environmental factors and lifestyle changes play an increasingly important role in the development of childhood allergic diseases.

Key words: allergic disease；children&rsquo, s health；disease management