中国实用儿科杂志

中国实用儿科杂志

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出生体重的再认识与研究进展

  

  1. 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院儿童保健科，浙江  杭州  310052
  • 发布日期:2019-10-29

Recognition of birth weight and its research development

  1. Department of Child Healthcare，the Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine，Hangzhou  310052， China
  • Published:2019-10-29

摘要：

新生儿的出生体重是衡量胎儿宫内营养状况及出生结局的一项重要指标。目前我国每年仍有超过100万的低出生体重儿，同时巨大儿的出生率逐年上升。大量出生体重的相关研究发现过低或过高的出生体重不仅与出生后较差的体格生长和神经发育落后风险相关，同时也增加成年期代谢病及心血管疾病的风险，由此，重新认识了出生体重及其对一生健康与发展的重要性。文章通过对不同出生体重的流行病学特点、出生体重相关的影响因素，其对神经认知发育、代谢与心血管疾病的影响及其机制的最新研究进展进行介绍，提出正确认识出生体重，早期防控不适当出生体重的相关风险因素，权衡利弊，把控
出生后追赶的速率和程度，可能有利于一生的健康与发展。

关键词: 出生体重, 表观遗传学, 成年期疾病的胎儿起源, 神经认知发育

Abstract:

Birth weight is an important index for assessing intrauterine nutritional environment and outcome of birth. There are more than 1 000 000 neonates born with low birth weight in China every year. Furthermore，the rate of macrosomia is increasing. A lot of researches on birth weight have found that low birth weight or macrosomia is not only associated with newborn or infant mortality and morbidity，but also related to poorer physical growth，neurodevelopment，and increasing risk of chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In this article，we reviewed the latest studies of epidemiological characteristics and pathogenesis of low birth weight and macrosomia，as well as its effects and mechanisms on neurocognitive development，metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. It may be beneficial to the health and development of lifetime to have a proper recognition of birth weight，prevent the risk factors associated with inappropriate birth weight and monitor and optimize growth and development after birth.

Key words: birth weight, epigenetics, fetal origin of adult disease, neurocognitive development