关键词: 胆石症, 胆道微生物, 胆道梗阻, 基础研究

Abstract: Current status and prospects of fundamental researches on cholelithiasis        LIU Chang, MENG Fan-di, WANG Rui-tao. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
Corresponding author：LIU Chang, E-mail：eyrechang@126.com
Abstract    Cholelithiasis is the common and frequent disease of gallstone formation and related complications including infection，stenosis and obstruction.It can cause abdominal pain，fever，jaundice and other clinical symptoms.In recent years，with the improvement of the living standard of Chinese residents，the number of patients with metabolic syndrome and obese people has been increasing，leading to the increasing incidence of gallstones in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.The study of biliary microbiota provides a new way to adjust the microbiota for the prevention and treatment of gallstone disease.Estrogen can promote the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol.Metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance can lead to gallstone disease.Molecular detection，cytopathological detection，and imaging methods have a positive effect on the detection of gallstone disease，and appropriate detection methods should be selected based on clinical needs.Diabetes，fatty liver，etc.are risk factors for cholelithiasis，and high serum HDL-C is an independent protective factor for new-onset cholelithiasis.Reasonable diet control and increased consumption of fruits and vegetables can change or reduce the risk of gallstone disease.At the same time，strengthening patients' dietary care interventions can effectively prevent and control gallstone disease.

Key words: cholelithiasis, biliary microbes, biliary obstruction, basic research