关键词: 龋病, 学龄儿童, 患龋率, 口腔健康

Abstract: School-age children are in a critical period of primary and permanent tooth replacement. Dental caries not only affects their oral health but also adversely impacts their quality of life and academic performance. This article provides a review of the current prevalence and influencing factors of dental caries in school-age children both domestically and internationally. Existing studies have shown that caries prevalence rates vary significantly across different countries and regions，which is not entirely consistent with the level of economic development，reflecting the complexity of the influencing factors. These factors involve multiple aspects，including gender differences，oral health knowledge，attitudes，behaviors，sociodemographic factors（such as socioeconomic status，parental education level，and urban-rural disparities），dietary patterns（such as sugar intake and vitamin D levels），systemic factors（such as body weight，congenital heart disease，neurodevelopmental disorders，and psychological status），and the implementation of preventive measures（such as fluoride application and pit and fissure sealants）. Therefore，a comprehensive strategy is needed，including strengthening school-based oral health education，promoting the translation of knowledge into behavior，and establishing an integrated "family-school-society" prevention and treatment system，in order to achieve effective prevention and intervention of dental caries in this population.

Key words: dental caries, school-age children, caries prevalence rate, oral health