中国实用口腔科杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (03): 129-131.

• 专题笔谈 •    下一篇

小儿麻醉前准备与用药

  

  1. 山东大学齐鲁医院麻醉科,济南  250012
  • 收稿日期:2010-02-25 出版日期:2010-03-15 发布日期:2010-05-21
  • 作者简介:李建军,副教授、副主任医师。现任山东大学齐鲁医院麻醉科副主任。兼任中华口腔医学会麻醉学专业委员会委员,山东省医师协会委员,山东省麻醉质量控制专家组成员。主要从事口腔颌面外科、耳鼻喉科、妇产科、烧伤整形等专业的临床麻醉与教学工作,获中华医学科技奖三等奖1项,发表学术论文多篇并参编多部学术专著。

  • Received:2010-02-25 Online:2010-03-15 Published:2010-05-21

摘要:

提要:小儿麻醉前准备的目的在于尽量缓解患儿与家庭成员的恐慌与焦虑,详细了解患儿外科疾病和其他并存疾病,对麻醉中可能出现的问题做出评估,拟定相应的防范措施,降低围术期疾病的发生率,改善患儿预后。麻醉前对患儿身体情况的准确评估与详尽的准备,是保证麻醉安全与手术顺利进行的基础。本文从麻醉前访视、术前禁食、麻醉前用药、特殊疾病患儿、麻醉用具等方面对小儿麻醉前准备与用药进行阐述。

关键词: 儿童, 麻醉, 术前评估, 麻醉前用药

Abstract:

Summary:An efficient preanesthetic preparation should accomplish three key goals:(1)To reduce anxiety and resistance to aesthesia procedures for children and family.(2)To obtain pertinent information about the patient' disease and medical history and physical condition in order to choose anesthesia plan to be followed.(3)To reduce the morbidity of surgery and improve medical outcome. Successful anesthesia is built on the foundation of the preanesthetic evaluation and preparation,five aspects of which will be discussed in this article:preanesthetic interview,fasting,premedication,special pediatric problems and anesthetic appliance.

Key words: pediatric;anesthesia;preoperative assessment;preanesthetic medication