Abstract: Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetrical event of high risk.The incidence of shoulder dystocia is 0.2%～3.0%. It has high perinatal mortality and morbidity.Fetal brachial plexus injury （BPI） is the most common fetal complication occurring in 4%～40% of cases.Obstetricians should be aware of the existing risk factors，always being alert to the possibility of shoulder dystocia in all labors.Optimal management of shoulder dystocia requires appropriate management at the time it occurs.This article reviews the current evidence regarding the possible prediction，prevention and management of shoulder dystocia.