Abstract： Objective To evaluate the reproductive prognosis of patients with duplicated cervix and longitudinal vaginal septum undergoing hysteroscopic septum resection of the complete septate uterus.Methods Sixty-four patients with complete septate uterus and duplicated cervix and longitudinal vaginal septum underwent hysteroscopic septum resection. All patients were divided into recurrent abortion group (n=26) and infertility group (n=38) according to their obstetrical situation. The pregnancy outcomes of these patients were followed up by telephone or out-patient clinic.Results In recurrent abortion group, there were 25 women with 31 pregnancies.The abortion rate declined from 83.1%(54/65）to 41.9% after operation（13/31）.The full-term pregnancy rate, premature delivery and living birth increased to 35.5%（11/31）,19.3 %（6/31）and 54.8%（17/31）respectively (P<0.05). In infertile group, there were 18 women pregnant (18/38),including 12 full-term labor. In the research objects,the cases of premature labor and full-term labor were 32 .The premature delivery rate was 28.1%（9/32）and the full-term pregnancy rate was 71.9%（23/32）.In the research objects,the incidence of placental adherence was 21.9%（7/32）,and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was 25.0%（8/32）. Conclusions The pregnancy rates and reproductive prognosis in the women with complete septate uterus and duplicated cervix and longitudinal vaginal septum is improved after hysteroscopic septum resection.