缓解疼痛，减少出血和促进生育是子宫腺肌病的主要治疗目标，子宫切除术或子宫病灶挖除仍然是目前主流的治疗方法。药物治疗采用的药物及用法与子宫内膜异位症治疗类似，只有地诺孕素是子宫腺肌病的专用药物。文章着重介绍子宫腺肌病缓解疼痛和减少出血的药物治疗选择及长期管理。

        子宫腺肌病（adenomyosis，AM，简称腺肌病）是指子宫内膜（包括腺体和间质）侵入子宫肌层生长而产生的病变。好发于生育年龄的女性。其发病机制不清，临床问题诸多，包括疼痛，月经异常，不孕和子宫增大。近年来，对子宫腺肌病的发病机制和临床诊治的研究有了一定的进展，也引起了临床医生广泛的关注和兴趣。但由于该病的复杂性，还有很多问题亟待进一步研究。浏览更多请关注本刊微信公众号及当期杂志。

The present study aimed to identify which patients with adenomyoma would benefit from sparing the uterus and which patients should undergo a hysterectomy to avoid secondary surgery. Patients with pathology-proven adenomyoma admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital between November 2005 and November 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Relief and reappearance of dysmenorrhea following laparoscopic adenomyomectomy were evaluated. All 49 patients (mean age, 40.6±5.2 years; age range, 26-51 years) presented with severe dysmenorrhea prior to surgery. Dysmenorrhea was identified to be relieved in 83.7% (41/49) of patients at the 6-month follow-up. No factors were revealed to have a significant effect on the surgical outcome. The median follow-up period was 4.6 (1-11) years; and 24.5% (12/49) of patients experienced recurrence of dysmenorrhea. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) levels [hazard ratio (HR), 2.356; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.271-3.570; P=0.011], postoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) treatment (HR, 0.540; 95% CI, 0.241-0.873; P=0.017) and accompanying endometriosis (HR, 2.182; 95% CI, 1.556-3.031; P=0.003) as independent risk factors for relapse. Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy is effective for alleviating dysmenorrhea in patients with adenomyoma. Patients with lower preoperative serum CA 125 levels without accompanying endometriosis benefited greater from adenomyomectomy compared with all other patients. Postoperative GnRH-a treatment strengthens therapeutic effects.