Objective To investigate the colonization rate of vaginal Candida，its influencing factors，colonizing species，and their in vitro drug susceptibility among women of reproductive age attending gynecology outpatient clinics in China，thereby providing new epidemiological data for the prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 1072 eligible women of reproductive age attending gynecology outpatient clinics were enrolled from eight tertiary hospitals in Beijing，Shanghai，Nanjing，Guangzhou，Kunming，Nanning，Zhengzhou，and Jinan. Vaginal secretions were collected for routine leukorrhea examination，Candida culture，species identification，and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Related influencing factors were also investigated and analyzed. Results Among the 1072 participants who completed the study，the vaginal Candida colonization rate was 9.4% （101/1072）. The distribution of species was as follows：Candida albicans 59.4%，Candida glabrata 18.8%，Candida tropicalis 11.9%，and Candida parapsilosis 6.9%. Univariate analysis showed that bathing in tubs，vaginal douching with cleaning and antibacterial agents，humid living environment，increased vaginal discharge，and abnormal odor of vaginal discharge were significantly associated with Candida colonization （P<0.05）. Conclusions Candida can colonize the vagina of women of reproductive age，with Candida albicans being the predominant species. Bathing in tubs，vaginal douching with cleaning and antibacterial agents，humid living environment，increased vaginal discharge，and abnormal odor of vaginal discharge are influencing factors for vaginal Candida colonization. There are differences in drug susceptibility among colonizing strains.