TORCH infection is one of the causes of birth defects，and there is currently a lack of effective treatment options. Strengthening preconception and prenatal TORCH infection surveillance and making accurate diagnosis are crucial. Serological screening markers for TORCH infection include specific IgM，IgG，and IgG antibody affinity，which are used for infection screening and immune status assessment. Preconception TORCH serological screening is recommended. Routine TORCH serological screening is not recommended for low-risk pregnant women during pregnancy，but TORCH testing is advised when indicated. Clinical signs of suspected maternal infection and certain abnormal ultrasound findings provide clues for detecting intrauterine infection and guide the decision on invasive prenatal diagnosis. Clear intrauterine fetal infection and the presence of structural abnormalities are critical for assessing fetal prognosis. The ultrasound findings of fetal TORCH infection lack specificity and can involve multiple organs，with varying degrees of fetal involvement after maternal viral infection. Fetal blood analysis has additional value in identifying the risk of fetal infection and assessing fetal prognosis.