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宫颈机能不全又名宫颈内口闭锁不全、宫颈口松弛症、宫颈功能不全 (cervical incompetence，cervical insufficiency，incompetent cervix)，是指妊娠后，在达到足月妊娠前宫颈展平、变薄，宫颈管扩张、变宽的临床状态，最终导致中期妊娠流产或早产。宫颈机能不全是引起中期妊娠习惯性流产及早产的常见原因。据统计，宫颈机能不全患者早产率是非宫颈机能不全者3.3倍，占全部早产的8%～9% ，自然早产的40%～50% ，早破水的20%～30%。预防早产，包括重视宫颈机能不全的防治是值得研究的问题。
cervical incompetence / cervical cerclage / premature delivery
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